Not All Bunkers are Created the Same

Bunker construction on a golf course is more than just sand and placement—it affects everything from maintenance and drainage to the golfer’s experience. Here’s an overview of some common bunker construction types used on Midwest golf courses.

Billy Bunkers
Developed for enhanced drainage, Billy Bunkers have become a popular choice on Midwest courses with fluctuating weather. These bunkers use a unique drainage system under a layer of gravel and specialized liner to keep water from pooling in the bunker. After heavy rain, Billy Bunkers dry out more quickly than traditional bunkers, minimizing downtime and maintenance costs. The consistent sand depth also provides golfers with a more predictable experience.

Liner-Based Bunkers
Liner-based bunkers typically incorporate fabric or rubber liners beneath the sand to prevent contamination and aid in drainage. These liners create a barrier between the sand and the soil below, keeping out debris, stones, and roots. For Midwest courses, liners help reduce erosion from heavy rainfall, ensuring the sand stays in place and requires less frequent replacement. Liner-based bunkers are known for durability, though they do require some routine maintenance.

Capillary Concrete Bunkers
Capillary concrete bunkers use a concrete base designed to quickly drain water, which is ideal for Midwest courses that experience heavy rain or melting snow. These bunkers resist washouts and maintain a consistent surface, even in adverse weather. While more expensive to install, capillary concrete bunkers reduce maintenance time and costs in the long run and provide a reliable surface for golfers.

Revetted Bunkers
Revetted bunkers, made famous on links-style courses, are constructed using layers of sod stacked to create steep walls. Though rare on Midwest courses, revetted bunkers can be found on more challenging layouts, providing a unique visual appeal and shot challenge. They require regular upkeep, especially through Midwest freeze-thaw cycles, as the stacked sod can be susceptible to shifting and erosion.

Understanding these construction methods gives golfers a deeper appreciation for bunker design and can even inform their approach to bunker shots. Each type brings its own set of challenges, adding to the richness of Midwest golf courses.